The Energy Act of 2020 defines a “critical mineral” as a non-fuel mineral or mineral material essential to the economic or national security of the U.S. and whose supply chain is vulnerable to disruption. Critical minerals are also characterized as serving an essential function in the manufacturing of a product, the absence of which would have significant consequences for the economy or nation's security. More information regarding the current critical minerals and materials lists can be found here.  

Critical minerals—lithium, gallium, germanium, cobalt, and nickel—are the building blocks for many modern technologies, especially clean energy technologies like electric vehicles, wind turbines, and solar panels. They are also found in everyday products like computers, cell phones, batteries, and household appliances. Over the next few decades, the demand for critical minerals is projected to surge by 400 to 600 percent, while minerals essential for electric vehicles may increase by up to 4000 percent.

The United States heavily depends on foreign countries, including China, for its supply of critical minerals. Our over-reliance on foreign sources and adversarial nations for critical minerals and materials poses significant national and economic security risks. See below to learn more about the Department of Commerce’s role in supporting resilient and secure supply chains of critical minerals.

=> FACT SHEET: Securing a Made in America Supply Chain for Critical Minerals | The White House

=> Department of Commerce | National Science and Technology Council Critical Minerals Subcommittee